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- Not so the werewolf. Theories as to their nature varied but many, if
- they declined to accept the possibility of a complete physical trans-
- formation, involved evil spirits. these were either truly supernatural
- possessing the bodies of wolves and humans alternately; or were the vile
- spirits of corrupted humans, who were capable of taking on a wolf's
- form while leaving their human body safely stashed elsewhere. This
- latter hypothesis was maintained by the 15th century Pierre Mamor,
- Rector at the University of Poitiers, even though one of his less
- charming.
-
- Anecdotes concerned a peasant, in human form, throwing up the hand
- and arm of a child, devoured while he was in his wolfish form. The
- literature is full of 15th century and later instances of apprehended
- cannibalistic mass child-murderers confessing to having committed their
- crimes in the form of wolves, but it is hard to take them seriously; the
- methods used to extract confessions in those times were such that the
- unfortunate suspects were willing to admit to virtually anything that
- the lurid imaginations of their inquisitors might spawn. Yet other anec-
- dotes have a certain naive charm. Olaus Magnus (or Magni; 1400-1558)
- recounts in his Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus (1555), possibly
- written in part by his elder brother Johannes, Archbishop of Uppsala,
- one such tale. A Russian gentlewoman was one day pontificating on the
- impossibility of there being any such creature as the werewolf when one
- of her servants shyly interrupted her. The transformation was possible,
- he affirmed, and by way of proof he swiftly turned himself into a wolf
- before the eyes of herself and her guests. Unfortunately, the dogs went
- for the seeming wolf, inflicting terrible injuries on it - including
- gouging out its eye - before it could escape. When the "human" servant
- reappeared a few days later, he was indeed missing an eye. The tale is
- of course, more implausible than most of its ilk: would servant or
- mistress be so blase about the whole thing, and, anyway, surely the
- gouging out of an eye was a most improbable injury for a dog to be able
- to wreak. A similar and oft-cited story comes from the Auvergne. A
- hunter encountered an aristocrat in the forest and was invited to bring
- back his spoils, after the hunt, to the aristocrat's chateau for a bit
- of feasting. Later in the day the hunter was attacked by a vicious wolf.
- In driving it off he amputated its paw, which he kept as a souvenir. On
- nearing the chateau he found to his astonishment that it had turned into
- a woman's hand; and, when he arrived at his host's home, it was soon
- discovered that the ring on one of the hand's fingers belonged to the
- aristocrat's wife, of course, her ladyship was then located, clutching
- the stump of her wrist; confessing her guilt, she was sent to the stake.
- This latter anecdote is far too well constructed a tale for any credence
- at all to be given to it.
-
- PICTURE(01) One possible theory of the werewolf myth is the practice of
- warriors donning the skins of wild animals. Other theories involve the
- supernatural.
-
- PICTURE(02) Great Bronze of Zeus, who was belived to have transformed
- his exseducees into wild creatures.
-
- PICTURE(03) 10th-century Viking slab showing Odin attacked by the Fenris
- wolf.
-